Skin Functions, Structure and Relationship with the Body

Skin Functions, Structure and Relationship with the Body The main function of the skin, its structure and the relationship between the skin, circulatory and nervous system Draw a label diagram of the skin and describe its structures and key parts (See diagram attached) The skin is the largest organ in the human body. It has three layers; the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer. The epidermis Google images (2016) The upper or outer layer of the two main layers of cells that make up the skin. The epidermis is mostly made up of flat, scale-like cells called squamous cells. These cells produce melanin, which gives the skin its colour (MedicineNet.com 2016). The epidermis is the outmost layer of the skin, the skin we can see. This layer differs in thickness; it is thinner on the eyelids and nipples than it is on the soles of feet and palms of hands. This layer has water resistant properties and protects us from cuts and injuries. The epidermis contains the pigment melanin which gives us our skin tone. The dermis Google images (2016) Lying underneath the epidermis-the most superficial layer of our skin-is the dermis. The dermis is a tough layer of skin. (Boundless.com N/D). The dermis is the layer beneath the epidermis; this layer is attached to the blood and nerve supply. It consists of sweat glands and hair follicles and connective tissues. The subcutaneous layer (Google Images 2016) The bottom layer of skin is the subcutaneous fat layer. (American Academy of Dermatology 2016). The subcutaneous layer is made up of fatty tissues or bundles of adipose tissue. This layer is responsible for retaining heat in the body. The smaller these bundles of adipose tissue are, the less over weight you are likely to be. Functions of the skin Protection: The skin helps to protect us from things such as dehydration, harmful microorganisms, bacteria and UV rays from the sun. Absorption: The skin can absorb substances that the body need such as oxygen and nitrogen. Some medications/ointments may be applied to and absorbed by the skin for muscle pain, for example, deep heat or oriental tiger balm. Sensation: Receptors in the skin allow us to touch and feel pain, heat and cold. Temperature Regulation: Sweating begins at around 37Â °C. The sweat comes to the surface of the skin and evaporates, causing the body to reduce the heat, as well as this, the hair on our arms lie down to allow the heat to escape. When we are cold the opposite happens: the hairs stand up and goose bumps form to trap any heat in the body in order to warm us up again. Immunity: The skin and the immune system work together to make the immune to microorganisms and bacteria. Movement and growth: The skin is stretchy because of its elastic properties and this allows the covering of the whole body and the movement of the individual. Excretion: The skin allows materials such as urea, excess water and ammonia out of the skin. By-products that arent wanted or needed by the skin are released through sweat glands in the form of sweat. Excretion is an important function to note about the skin (New Health Advisor 2014). Vitamin production: Upon exposure to ultraviolet light (the sun), the skin produces vitamin D. This is important for the growth and strengthening of bone (Curran 2016). The relationship between the skin, circulatory system and the nervous system. The skin The skin is the largest organ in the body and is wide spread throughout the whole body. The skin absorbs essential nutrients and oils through the pores and this provides moisture to the skin. The skin consists of three layers: The dermis, epidermis and subcutaneous layer. The dermis is the layer beneath the epidermis; this layer is attached to the blood and nerve supply. It consists of sweat glands and hair follicles and connective tissues. The epidermis is the outmost layer of the skin, the skin we can see. This layer differs in thickness; it is thinner on the eyelids and nipples than it is on the soles of feet and palms of hands. This layer has water resistant properties and protects us from cuts and injuries. The epidermis contains the pigment melanin which gives us our skin tone. The subcutaneous layer is made up of fatty tissues or bundles of adipose tissue. This layer is responsible for retaining heat in the body. The smaller these bundles of adipose tissue are, the less over weight you are likely to be. Functions of the skin Protection: The skin helps to protect us from things such as dehydration, harmful microorganisms, bacteria and UV rays from the sun. Absorption: The skin can absorb substances that the body need such as oxygen and nitrogen. Some medications/ointments may be applied to and absorbed by the skin for muscle pain, for example, deep heat or oriental tiger balm. Sensation: Receptors in the skin allow us to touch and feel pain, heat and cold. Temperature Regulation: Sweating begins at around 37Â °C. The sweat comes to the surface of the skin and evaporates, causing the body to reduce the heat, as well as this, the hair on our arms lie down to allow the heat to escape. When we are cold the opposite happens: the hairs stand up and goose bumps form to trap any heat in the body in order to warm us up again. Immunity: The skin and the immune system work together to make the immune to microorganisms and bacteria. Movement and growth: The skin is stretchy because of its elastic properties and this allows the covering of the whole body and the movement of the individual. Excretion: The skin allows materials such as urea, excess water and ammonia out of the skin. By-products that arent wanted or needed by the skin are released through sweat glands in the form of sweat. Excretion is an important function to note about the skin (New Health Advisor 2014). Vitamin production: Upon exposure to ultraviolet light (the sun), the skin produces vitamin D. This is important for the growth and strengthening of bone (Curran 2016). The nervous system The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord and all of the nerves that connect to these organs to the rest of the body. The cells in the nervous system are known as neurons and they transmit impulses along the nerves to carry messages between the brain and the body via the spinal cord. When the brain receives the information, it processes it before sending out the demands for the body. Neurons contain a long axon which is protects by myelin sheath as well as tiny branches called dendrons which branch out into smaller parts called dendrites ( BBC 2017). (BBC 2017). The autonomic nervous system regulates some body processes like blood pressure and breathing which work without any effort from the person. The somatic system consists of the nerves that are connected to the receptors in the skin. This is the system that protects us form getting burnt when holding or hand on a hot surface because the brain sends signals via the spinal cord to tell us to lift the hand off the surface. The circulatory system The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood containing oxygen and carbon dioxide and the blood vessels including veins, arteries and capillaries. These blood vessels have muscles inside their walls in which the blood flows through and these muscles are controlled by the nervous system. The circulatory system is responsible for providing blood, hormones, nutrients and oxygen to all the cells in the body. This system also fights infection through white blood cells and antibodies and aid in the clotting of blood through platelets which form scabs on the surface of the skin when cut and exposed to oxygen. (Google Images 2017) The relationship between the skin, nervous system and circulatory system The skin, nervous system and circulatory system work together in order to ensure the body is functioning the way it should. The somatic nervous system works with the central nervous system to protect the skin. It does this by telling us to lift our hand off a hot surface to avoid burning ourselves. The nervous system and circulatory system are connected by the lymphatic system and work together to maintain blood pressure and regulation of the heart. The nervous system tells the circulatory system to pump blood around the body. The nervous system and circulatory system needs to function correctly and work together to ensure the rest of the body is functioning properly. The nervous system controls all functions of the body. The circulatory system provides blood flow and regulates body temperature. The skin works together with it to regulate the body temperature. When too hot the blood vessels dilate, the hairs lie down and we sweat to allow excess heat to escape the body. When we are t oo cold the hairs stand up and goose bumps form to trap any heat in the body. If blood flow is restricted, the skin becomes pale. If one of these systems became damaged in any way, the body would have abnormal functioning (Curran 2017). (iii) Using the table format give examples of viral, bacterial, fungal skin diseases. Viral Bacterial Fungal Gastroenteritis Pneumonia Athletes foot Common cold Meningitis Cutaneous Candidiasis Flu Food Poisoning Tinea Versicolor Cold sores Impetigo Onychomycosis Chicken Pox Cellulitis Tinea Capitis Herpes Boils Ringworm (Native Remedies 2016) (On Health 2016) (Remedies health communities 2016) Â   Â  

Neutralisation - How much acid is required to neutralise a base :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

Neutralisation - How much acid is required to neutralise a base Introduction ============ Neutralisation is the reaction of a base with an acid to form a neutral solution; which contains salt and water. Acid + Base Salt + Water --------------------------- In my experiment I am trying to find out how much acid it takes to neutralise a base to form a neutral solution. I will use one molar of Nitric Acid as the acid and one molar of Ammonium Hydroxide as the base. So this will be a 1:1 ratio. (Molarity = how many molecules of the acid or alkali per 1000 cm3 (1 litre) of water.) Nitric Acid + Ammonium Hydroxide à   Ammonium Nitrate + Water ----------------------------------------------------------- HNO + NH OH NH NO + H O Ionic bonding must take place to form the salt and the water. Ions have been formed because the original atoms have lost or gained electrons. These ions then have electrical charges because they do not have the same amount of positive protons and negative electrons. Atoms that loose electrons are called cations and have a positive charge. Atoms that have gained an electron and have a negative charge are called anions. The General equation for making water is: H + OH H O --------------- In this equation the Hydrogen ion has lost and electron and has become a cation with a positive charge. The Hydroxide ion has gained an electron and has become a negatively charged anion. Ionic bonds are created when ions combine in order to share and thus become electrically stable. From the main neutralisation equation I have circled the parts to make water: HNO + NH OH à   NH NO + H O Equipment Ammonium Hydroxide – (base) Nitric Acid – (acid) Methyl Oxide - (to show the pH of the solution) Clamp – (to hold the burette safely and securely in place) Burette - (to hold the acid) White Tile – Funnel – (to pour the acid into the burette) Goggles - (to protect the eyes) Conical Flask – (to hold the base) Measuring Cylinder – (to measure out the acid and the base) Preliminary Before we began our practical our teacher performed the experiment as an example to our class. The teacher set up the equipment as shown above. She informed us of the safety precautions and then began the experiment. She used 20ml of Ammonium Hydroxide (base), placing that in the conical flask. Then she added 6 drops of Methyl Orange (indicator). From the Burette she added 12ml of Nitric acid and swilled the conical flask. After this point she decided to control the amount added to the base and indicator by using the burette. Neutralisation - How much acid is required to neutralise a base :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation Neutralisation - How much acid is required to neutralise a base Introduction ============ Neutralisation is the reaction of a base with an acid to form a neutral solution; which contains salt and water. Acid + Base Salt + Water --------------------------- In my experiment I am trying to find out how much acid it takes to neutralise a base to form a neutral solution. I will use one molar of Nitric Acid as the acid and one molar of Ammonium Hydroxide as the base. So this will be a 1:1 ratio. (Molarity = how many molecules of the acid or alkali per 1000 cm3 (1 litre) of water.) Nitric Acid + Ammonium Hydroxide à   Ammonium Nitrate + Water ----------------------------------------------------------- HNO + NH OH NH NO + H O Ionic bonding must take place to form the salt and the water. Ions have been formed because the original atoms have lost or gained electrons. These ions then have electrical charges because they do not have the same amount of positive protons and negative electrons. Atoms that loose electrons are called cations and have a positive charge. Atoms that have gained an electron and have a negative charge are called anions. The General equation for making water is: H + OH H O --------------- In this equation the Hydrogen ion has lost and electron and has become a cation with a positive charge. The Hydroxide ion has gained an electron and has become a negatively charged anion. Ionic bonds are created when ions combine in order to share and thus become electrically stable. From the main neutralisation equation I have circled the parts to make water: HNO + NH OH à   NH NO + H O Equipment Ammonium Hydroxide – (base) Nitric Acid – (acid) Methyl Oxide - (to show the pH of the solution) Clamp – (to hold the burette safely and securely in place) Burette - (to hold the acid) White Tile – Funnel – (to pour the acid into the burette) Goggles - (to protect the eyes) Conical Flask – (to hold the base) Measuring Cylinder – (to measure out the acid and the base) Preliminary Before we began our practical our teacher performed the experiment as an example to our class. The teacher set up the equipment as shown above. She informed us of the safety precautions and then began the experiment. She used 20ml of Ammonium Hydroxide (base), placing that in the conical flask. Then she added 6 drops of Methyl Orange (indicator). From the Burette she added 12ml of Nitric acid and swilled the conical flask. After this point she decided to control the amount added to the base and indicator by using the burette.

Hardware reveiw Essay

Hardware is the physical part of the computer which you can actually touch. Software on the other hand is the part of the computer that you cannot touch. There are many different examples of hardware within a computer system including   Keyboards Printers   Scanners Monitors Disk drives   Computer towers When making my logo their where many different hardware that I used when making my logo. These include input, output and processing devises. The input device I used to make my logo was a keyboard. A keyboard is the main input devise attached to the computer. It allows you to enter text and numbers that will appear on the computer screen. A keyboard is made up of keys that are separate (as you can see in the picture below). These keys represent numbers and letter of the alphabet. An image of a keyboard There are many different advantages for using a keyboard when making my logo and my ID card including it will allow me to type the name of the Kingsbury health centre and it also allows me to type in the name of the workers on their ID card. It will also help my logo look more professional if I type the name of the health centre. Another advantage for using a keyboard is that it is simple and easy to use and I know how to use it. I could not find any disadvantages for using a keyboard when making my logo, Id card, database or user manual however if you are typing up a long piece of work it could damage you back if you use a keyboard for too long. Another advantage for using the keyboard when making my database and my user manual is that it allows me to type in the information I want to appear on the screen. Another input device I used when making my logo was a mouse. This is a hand operated devise that allows you to control the curser that appears on the screen. It also allows you to move things and to click on things on the computer screen. On the bottom of the mouse of most mousse is a ball that rolls when you move it. An image of two computer mouse’s The advantages for using a mouse when making my logo are that it allows me to easily move images around on my logo. This will ensure that that my logo is exactly as I want it to be. Another advantage for using a mouse to make the logo is that the mouse is simple and easy to use. The disadvantages for using this type of mouse when making my logo is that it easily break when it falls on the floor. This is because the ball in the back of the mouse falls out. It would probably be better if I use the newer mouse. The output devise that I could use to make my logo is a laser printer. A laser printer is a printer that produces high quality text and graphics. It does this by using a laser beam technology to produce an image on a photosensitive drum. An image of a laser The advantages for using a laser printer to print of my logo are that a laser printer prints of better quality images than the inkjet printer. Another advantage for using the laser printer is that it can print off colour images which I need because I want to print of my logo in colour. In addition, another advantage for using the laser printer to print of my logo is that it prints of quicker and quieter than the other printers. The disadvantages for using the laser printer o print of my logo are that it will be very expensive to buy a laser printer. Another output device I used when making my logo is the TFT monitor. TFT monitor is an output devise that displays signals on the computer screen. A TFT is a flat computer monitor, which gives high quality images on the screen and is modern. An image of a TFT monitor The advantages for using a TFT monitor is that it does not give of glare that CRT monitors do give off. This means that if I use this monitor for long periods of time it is less likely to hurt my eyes. Another advantage for using the TFT monitor when making my logo are that it will give off high quality images on the computer screen. This will make my logo look better. A disadvantage for using the TFT monitor when making my logo is that it is very expensive to buy a TFT monitor.

Defining the essays

Defining the essays Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness is considered among the best English works of literature. It is a story of a man named Marlow who journeys up the Congo River while working for a trading company. There Marlow encounters an English ivory trader that has hypnotized a group of natives to be under his control. The sequence of events that follows reveals Conrads views on the exploitation of the Congo. To best understand Conrads Heart of Darkness, we must closely look at the scene of Marlow taking Kurtz out of the wilderness and their interactions up until Kurtzs death. It is in this scene that Conrad describes the indecency of human existence that Marlow has come to see in the wilderness, and explains that the heart of darkness is not the corruption itself, but the ability to recognize the evil that lies within the heart. The scene begins with Marlow describing their departure from the rain forest, explaining that The brown current ran swiftly out of the heart of darkness, bearing us down toward the sea...and Kurtzs life was running swiftly, too, ebbing, ebbing, out of his heart into the sea of inexorable time (62). Just as Marlow and his men are being carried out of the heart of darkness of the wilderness, so is Kurtzs soul leaving his own darkness. The language suggests a the involuntariness of both situations, as the current is responsible for the boats action, and Kurtzs life is compared to a river, ebbing, ebbing into the sea. They are both, however, running swiftly, as is fleeing by the quickest means possible. This shows the power with which Kurtzs heart and the Congo are contaminated. The fact that Kurtzs death is the only way for Kurtz to depart from his heart suggests that Marlow is also dying by leaving the Congo. Marlows death is not literal, but only part of his soul is dying b ecause of...

The 4 most popular job boards for nurses

The 4 most popular job boards for nurses Niche job boards for nurses have one thing in common - they help connect the right nurses with the right employers. Beyond that, there’s a lot of variation among the most popular ones with the highest traffic.  Some job seekers want to get in, find a job that they want, and get back out again. But others enjoy resources that help them with their career. From the employer’s standpoint, efficiency and resources count, too. Both sides are the job board’s target audience, just in different ways.  The most popular job boards have a few things in common, but the experience is quite different from one to another. Here’s how each of them serves their audience:Nurse.com Offers a Wealth of Jobs and Resources  Nurse.com  is one of the largest, if not the largest, nurse-specific job board. The tagline reads, â€Å"Where the nurses are,† and that appears to be true. Professionals from every facet of nursing can find what they’re looking for.  F rom the first moment, the user is given opportunities to navigate anywhere on the website. Featured prominently is a job search tool that offers ways to narrow the search focus, giving more relevant results.Some jobs are featured on the homepage, but the others are easy to find. This is a busy website, but it’s also clean and easy to navigate. There are a lot of options from which to choose, but it’s set up logically.  Nurse.com has several resources for nurses. Aside from the â€Å"Jobs† tab, resources for education topics, news (both national and regional), events, and awards are accessible with a click. This job board offers plenty of relevant content for users, which could account for some of its popularity.  There is a resume and profile creator link on the home page, too, as well as relevant links for employer resources.  One confusing part of the site is an icon that’s normally used to indicate a chat feature. But clicking the link directs us ers to the Nurse.com blog, which is written by contributing nurse professionals. The blog covers topics ranging from stress management to nursing ethics. NursingJobs.com Caters to Travel Nurses, and More  Nursingjobs.com  connects travel nurse professionals with the employers who need them, but it also has an option for finding permanent jobs.  The landing page lets users choose an access point as an employer who wants to post a job, or as a nurse looking for a job. Job seekers enter info into a keyword job search or employee search first, then  they are directed into the site.  Job listings are streamlined at NursingJobs.com, listed in a column format that shows the job title, Job ID number, job type (primarily travel nurses), location, job duration, and the employer.  Under the Career Options tab, job seekers can build a profile of the job they want, and get alerts when something comes available.  There is a Career Resources tab, which links to articles on topics rel evant to nursing professionals, such as interview tips. There’s also a mobile app, which is important with an increasingly mobile job seeker community.  On the employer’s side of the website, the setup is a bit different. There are resources that apply to employers, such as how to set up a profile, instructions on posting jobs, and testimonials from other employers.Nurse Recruiter Puts the Job Search at the Forefront  Nurse Recruiter  is very streamlined, with a heavy focus on getting right down to business. There’s a â€Å"register now† button at the top that lets nursing professionals create a profile to assist with the job search. It also has a â€Å"rapid apply mini-resume† button.  This website is heavy on the job search, with just a sprinkling of content.  Three options are available as points of access: Nurses, travel nurses, and employers. Each requires registration, but users can navigate through that by clicking on the image ins tead of registering. Only then can users access materials that are relevant to each area.  Nurse Recruiter isn’t as approachable or user-friendly as some of the other nurse job boards. Users need to work a bit harder than necessary to find content. But if the job search is the only reason for the visit, it fits the bill.HealtheCareers Healthcare Industry Job Board Caters to Nurses, Too  Healthecareers  isn’t a nurse-specific, it caters to healthcare in general, but it’s a large resource for nursing jobs. A search tool features prominently at the top to help users get started.  Across the top of the main page, there are tabs for accessing a wealth of content. One of those is a link to jobs, which lets users get right down to business. But other tabs include an overall resources link to a summary of new topics, and links to newsletters, articles, and blog posts separately.  The starred rating box is different from the other job boards. It lets users give feedback without interrupting the website experience. That’s a plus for the user, and for the job board owner.  Although Healthecareers isn’t dedicated to nurses only, the blog has a heavy nursing focus. There are posts on interview tips, student loan repayment options, and dealing with the stress of nursing.  If you’re a nursing professional looking to jumpstart your career, these job boards will be the perfect place to start your search!

BMS forum discussion- Summary post Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

BMS forum discussion- Summary post - Essay Example The employees would be asked to give their response on several factors that leads to these problems as well as the possible ways of solving or their perception on the problem identified. Creation of departmental units that incorporates employees from various cadres in the organisation will bring the management and the employees to interact more often, a factor that is likely to break the communication barriers. Acquiring relevant information is the most important aspect of any business dealing with information management system. Data is the unprocessed piece of information while information the processed data. There are primary and secondary data; the former is collected using questionnaire when one is undertaking study, while secondary data involves using data that was collected by previous study. For instance, the organisation will depend entirely on the accounting section to provide financial data for the stakeholders and potential investors. Therefore, relevant information needs to be communicated after the auditing process to ensure its reliability. Good information must be reliable and reproducible, this can only be achieved if the one can follow the same approach used previously and obtain similar finding by repeating the entire process. The method for analysing data will depend on the variable and the expected results. If there are more than two dependent and independent variable, a multiple approach like multiple analysis of variance is appropriate, however, if the data is simple analysis of variance is appropriate. Data has one disadvantage of possible manipulation; besides, if the size is not representative it will give misleading information. The information on the other hand depends on data, hence may give misleading

Sexual Harassment in the Work Place Research Paper - 2

Sexual Harassment in the Work Place - Research Paper Example This paper highlights that the actions carried out include patting, touching the other person in sensitive areas like buttocks or breast area. The behaviors can also include the use of unwelcomed bodily contacts to the other party. Verbal behaviors can also be termed to be sexual harassment to some extent. The use of comments to the other person on their clothing, body or looks cold easily make the uncomfortable and this might not go down well with them. The use of offensive jokes especially if they are sexually oriented can also be included in this category of behaviors.From this study it is clear that non-verbal behaviors  can easily be confused with those of physical behaviors, non-verbal behaviors do not necessarily have to involve physical action. This category involves behaviors such as repeatedly glancing and staring at a person in a manner that makes him or her feel uncomfortable or even the use of obscene gestures towards other people. It might also involve the display of sexually suggestive photos and pictures that can humiliate or embarrass the other person. There are several ways that can be used I the prevention of sexual harassment in the workplace. Some prevention techniques might involve the use of legal actions in the court of law while others might involve the use of disciplinary measures that have been set by the organization. The following are some of the ways that can be used in the prevention of sexual harassment in the workplace.